Anthony Thibodeaux was born in Ville Platte and resides in Breaux Bridge, Louisiana. He is a graduate of Evangeline Academy High School (Ville Platte), Northwestern State University (1985), and Southern University Law Center (1989). Judge Thibodeaux was licensed to practice law by the Louisiana Supreme Court in 1989.

Prior to graduating from law school, he served as a sergeant in the United States Air Force (1978-1982) and a lieutenant in the Louisiana Army National Guard (1982-1985).

Judge Thibodeaux began his legal career in 1989, as judicial clerk to the Honorable C. Thomas Bienvenu, Jr., 16th Judicial District Court. In 1990, he began trying cases as an associate with the firm, R. Scott Ramsey, Jr., Ltd., in Morgan City, Louisiana. Judge Thibodeaux established his civil and criminal private practice in St. Mary Parish, Louisiana in 1992. He continued to try cases in the 15th Judicial District and 16th Judicial District until 2014.

In 2014, Judge Thibodeaux was elected District Judge for the 16th Judicial District, Division A, and took office on January 1, 2015. In addition to his regular duties in civil and criminal courts, Judge Thibodeaux presides over the Iberia Parish Adult Drug Court.